Compare Botswana (2002) - Haiti (2002)

Compare Botswana (2002) z Haiti (2002)

	Botswana (2002)	Haiti (2002)

Administrative divisions	10 districts and four town councils; Central, Chobe, Francistown, Gaborone, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-Pikwe, South-East, Southern*	9 departments (departements, singular - departement); Artibonite, Centre, Grand 'Anse, Nord, Nord-Est, Nord-Ouest, Ouest, Sud, Sud-Est
Age structure	0-14 years: 40% (male 319,988; female 316,961) 15-64 years: 55.8% (male 428,638; female 458,777) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 26,965; female 39,903) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 39.5% (male 1,414,052; female 1,377,693) 15-64 years: 56.3% (male 1,924,867; female 2,049,952) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 142,657; female 154,501) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	livestock, sorghum, maize, millet, beans, sunflowers, groundnuts	coffee, mangoes, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum; wood
Airports	92 (2001)	12 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 10 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 76 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 55 under 914 m: 18 (2002)	total: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 6 (2002)
Area	total: 600,370 sq km land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km	total: 27,750 sq km land: 27,560 sq km water: 190 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Texas	slightly smaller than Maryland
Background	Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. The economy, one of the most robust on the continent, is dominated by diamond mining.	The native Arawak Amerindians - who inhabited the island of Hispaniola when it was discovered by Columbus in 1492 - were virtually annihilated by Spanish settlers within 25 years. In the early 17th century, the French established a presence on Hispaniola, and in 1697, Spain ceded to the French the western third of the island - Haiti. The French colony, based on forestry and sugar-related industries, became one of the wealthiest in the Caribbean, but only through the heavy importation of African slaves and considerable environmental degradation. In the late 18th century, Haiti's nearly half million slaves revolted under Toussaint L'OUVERTURE and after a prolonged struggle, became the first black republic to declare its independence in 1804. Haiti has been plagued by political violence for most of its history since then, and it is now one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere. Over three decades of dictatorship followed by military rule ended in 1990 when Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE was elected president. Most of his term was usurped by a military takeover, but he was able to return to office in 1994 and oversee the installation of a close associate to the presidency in 1996. ARISTIDE won a second term as president in 2000, and took office early in 2001. However, a political crisis stemming from fraudulent legislative elections in 2000 has not yet been resolved.
Birth rate	28.04 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	31.42 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $2.3 billion expenditures: $2.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY01/02 )	revenues: $273 million expenditures: $361 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est.)
Capital	Gaborone	Port-au-Prince
Climate	semiarid; warm winters and hot summers	tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	1,771 km
Constitution	March 1965, effective 30 September 1966	approved March 1987; suspended June 1988, with most articles reinstated March 1989; in October 1991, government claimed to be observing the constitution; return to constitutional rule, October 1994
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Botswana conventional short form: Botswana former: Bechuanaland	conventional long form: Republic of Haiti conventional short form: Haiti local long form: Republique d'Haiti local short form: Haiti
Currency	pula (BWP)	gourde (HTG)
Death rate	26.26 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	14.88 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$325 million (2001)	$1.2 billion (1999) (1999)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph HUGGING embassy: address NA, Gaborone mailing address: Embassy Enclave, P. O. Box 90, Gaborone telephone: [267] 353982 FAX: [267] 312782	chief of mission: Ambassador Roger NORIEGA embassy: 5 Harry S Truman Boulevard, Port-au-Prince mailing address: P. O. Box 1761, Port-au-Prince telephone: [509] 222-0354, 222-0269, 222-0200, 222-0327 FAX: [509] 223-1641, 222-0200, extension 460
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Kgosi SEEPAPITSO IV chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990 FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chief of Mission Harry Frantz LEO chancery: 2311 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 332-4090 FAX: [1] (202) 745-7215 consulate(s) general: Boston, Chicago, Miami, New York, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)
Disputes - international	none	claims US-administered Navassa Island
Economic aid - recipient	$73 million (1995) (1995)	$730.6 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview	Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $7,800 in 2001. Two major investment services rank Botswana as the best credit risk in Africa. Diamond mining has fueled much of expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for four-fifths of export earnings. Tourism, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. On the downside, the government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 21%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains.	About 80% of the population lives in abject poverty. Nearly 70% of all Haitians depend on the agriculture sector, which consists mainly of small-scale subsistence farming and employs about two-thirds of the economically active work force. The country has experienced little job creation since the former President PREVAL took office in February 1996, although the informal economy is growing. Following legislative elections in May 2000, fraught with irregularities, international donors - including the US and EU - suspended almost all aid to Haiti. The economy shrank an estimated 1.2% in 2001, and the contraction will likely intensify in 2002 unless a political agreement with donors is reached and aid restored.
Electricity - consumption	1.451 billion kWh (2000)	485.46 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	986 million kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	500 million kWh (2000)	522 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 69% hydro: 31% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m	lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Chaine de la Selle 2,680 m
Environment - current issues	overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources	extensive deforestation (much of the remaining forested land is being cleared for agriculture and used as fuel); soil erosion; inadequate supplies of potable water
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups	Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7%	black 95%, mulatto and white 5%
Exchange rates	pulas per US dollar - 6.8353 (January 2002), 5.8412 (2001), 5.1018 (2000), 4.6244 (1999), 4.2259 (1998), 3.6508 (1997)	gourdes per US dollar - 26.674 (January 2002), 26.339 (2001), 22.524 (2000), 17.965 (1999), 16.505 (1998), 17.311 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); vice president appointed by the president election results: Festus MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 54.3%	chief of state: President Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE (since 7 February 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Yvon NEPTUNE (since 4 March 2002); note - former Prime Minister CHERESTAL resigned in January 2002 cabinet: Cabinet chosen by the prime minister in consultation with the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president, ratified by the National Assembly election results: Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE elected president; percent of vote - Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE 92%
Exports	$2.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)	$326.6 million f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities	diamonds 80%, copper, nickel, soda ash, meat, textiles (2001)	manufactures, coffee, oils, cocoa
Exports - partners	EFTA 85%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 10%, Zimbabwe 2% (1999)	US 90%, EU 6% (2000)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 October - 30 September
Flag description	light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center	two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)
GDP	purchasing power parity - $12.4 billion (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $12 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 4% industry: 44% (including 36% mining) services: 52% (2000 est.)	agriculture: 30% industry: 20% services: 50% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $7,800 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,700 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.7% (2001 est.)	-1.2% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	22 00 S, 24 00 E	19 00 N, 72 25 W
Geography - note	landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country	shares island of Hispaniola with Dominican Republic (western one-third is Haiti, eastern two-thirds is the Dominican Republic)
Highways	total: 10,217 km paved: 5,620 km unpaved: 4,597 km (1999)	total: 4,160 km paved: 1,011 km unpaved: 3,149 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption
Imports	$2.1 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)	$977.5 million c.i.f. (2001)
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, machinery, electrical goods, transport equipment, textiles, fuel and petroleum products, wood and paper products, metal and metal products (2000)	food, manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, raw materials
Imports - partners	Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 77%, EFTA 9%, Zimbabwe 4% (1999)	US 60%, EU 10.5%, Dominican Republic 3.7% (2000)
Independence	30 September 1966 (from UK)	1 January 1804 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate	2.4% (2001 est.)	0.6% (1997 est.)
Industries	diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles	sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light assembly industries based on imported parts
Infant mortality rate	64.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	93.35 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	6.6% (2001 est.)	14% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ACCT, ACP, Caricom, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, LAES, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	11 (2001)	3 (2000)
Irrigated land	10 sq km (1998 est.)	750 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district)	Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation
Labor force	264,000 formal sector employees (2000)	3.6 million (1995) note: shortage of skilled labor, unskilled labor abundant (2001) (1995)
Labor force - by occupation	NA	agriculture 66%, services 25%, industry 9%
Land boundaries	total: 4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km	total: 360 km border countries: Dominican Republic 360 km
Land use	arable land: 0.61% permanent crops: 0.01% other: 99.38% (1998 est.)	arable land: 20.32% permanent crops: 12.7% other: 66.98% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), Setswana	French (official), Creole (official)
Legal system	based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on Roman civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12 members) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 are appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms) elections: National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 54.3%, BNF 24.7%, other 21%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1	bicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale consists of the Senate (27 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve six-year terms; one-third elected every two years) and the Chamber of Deputies (83 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: Senate - last held for two-thirds of seats 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 9 July boycotted by the opposition; seven seats still disputed; election for remaining one-third held on 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2002); Chamber of Deputies - last held 21 May 2000, with runoffs on 30 July boycotted by the opposition; one vacant seat rerun 26 November 2000 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Senate - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 26, independent 1; Chamber of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FL 73, MOCHRENA 3, PLB 2, OPL 1, vacant 1, other minor parties and independents 3
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 35.29 years male: 35.15 years female: 35.43 years (2002 est.)	total population: 49.55 years male: 47.88 years female: 51.29 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 69.8% male: 80.5% female: 59.9% (1995 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 45% male: 48% female: 42.2% (1995 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, north of South Africa	Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic
Map references	Africa	Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	contiguous zone: 24 NM continental shelf: to depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	none (2002 est.)
Military branches	Botswana Defense Force (including Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police	Haitian National Police (HNP) note: the regular Haitian Army, Navy, and Air Force have been demobilized but still exist on paper until or unless they are constitutionally abolished
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$135 million (FY01/02)	$50 million (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	3.5% (FY01/02)	1.3% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 384,888 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 1,691,585 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 202,685 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 919,275 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2002 est.)	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 19,479 (2002 est.)	males: 87,049 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day (Botswana Day), 30 September (1966)	Independence Day, 1 January (1804)
Nationality	noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)	noun: Haitian(s) adjective: Haitian
Natural hazards	periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility	lies in the middle of the hurricane belt and subject to severe storms from June to October; occasional flooding and earthquakes; periodic droughts
Natural resources	diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver	bauxite, copper, calcium carbonate, gold, marble, hydropower
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-2.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Otswoletse MOUPO]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Mokgweetsi KGOSIPULA]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO] note: a number of minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the BAM but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Independence Freedom Party or IFP [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE]	Alliance for the Liberation and Advancement of Haiti or ALAH [Reynold GEORGES]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convergence (opposition coalition composed of ESPACE, OPL, and MOCHRENA) [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES, Evans PAUL, Luc MESADIEU, Victor BENOIT]; Democratic Consultation Group coalition or ESPACE [Evans PAUL, Victor Benoit] composed of the following parties: National Congress of Democratic Movements or KONAKOM, National Progressive Revolutionary Party or PANPRA, Generation 2004, and Haiti Can; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Marie-France CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic Party or PADEM [Clark PARENT]; Lavalas Family or FL [Jean-Bertrand ARISTIDE]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert DE RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Rene THEODORE]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; Movement for the Organization of the Country or MOP [Gesner COMEAU and Jean MOLIERE]; National Cooperative Action Movement or MKN [Volrick Remy JOSEPH]; National Front for Change and Democracy or FNCD [Evans PAUL and Turneb DELPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate or PLB [Renaud BERNARDIN]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Gerard PIERRE-CHARLES]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Autonomous Haitian Workers or CATH; Confederation of Haitian Workers or CTH; Federation of Workers Trade Unions or FOS; National Popular Assembly or APN; Papaye Peasants Movement or MPP; Popular Organizations Gathering Power or PROP; Roman Catholic Church
Population	1,591,232 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)	7,063,722 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	47% (2000 est.)	80% (1998 est.)
Population growth rate	0.18% (2002 est.)	1.42% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	none	Cap-Haitien, Gonaives, Jacmel, Jeremie, Les Cayes, Miragoane, Port-au-Prince, Port-de-Paix, Saint-Marc
Radio broadcast stations	AM 8, FM 13, shortwave 4 (2001)	AM 41, FM 26, shortwave 0 (1999)
Radios	252,720 (2000)	415,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2000 est.)	total: 40 km narrow gauge: 40 km 0.760-m gauge; single-track note: privately owned industrial line; closed in early 1990s (2001 est.)
Religions	indigenous beliefs 85%, Christian 15%	Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% (1982) note: roughly half of the population also practices Voodoo
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile cellular service and participation in regional development domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile cellular service is growing fast international: two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	131,000 (September 2001)	60,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	270,000 (September 2001)	0 (1995)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)	2 (plus a cable TV service) (1997)
Terrain	predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest	mostly rough and mountainous
Total fertility rate	3.6 children born/woman (2002 est.)	4.3 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	40% (official rate is 21%) (2001 est.)	widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2001) (2001)
Waterways	none	NEGL; less than 100 km navigable

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